Angstrom Advanced Knowledge Base: Introduction of Atomic Force Microscope and Scanning Force Microscope

The AFM consists of a cantilever with a sharp tip (probe) at its end that is used to scan the specimen surface. The cantilever is a silicon or silicon nitride with a tip radius of curvature on the order of nanometers. When the tip is brought into proximity of a sample surface, forces between the tip and the sample lead to a deflection of the cantilever according to Hooke's law. Depending on the situation, forces that are measured in AFM include mechanical contact force, van der Waals forces, capillary forces, chemical bonding, electrostatic forces, magnetic forces, Casimir forces, solvation forces, etc. Along with force, additional quantities may simultaneously be measured through the use of specialized types of probe. Typically, the deflection is measured using a laser spot reflected from the top surface of the cantilever into an array of photodiodes. Other methods that are used include optical interferometry, capacitive sensing or piezoresistive AFM cantilevers. These cantilevers are fabricated with piezoresistive elements that act as a strain gauge. Using a Wheatstone bridge, strain in the AFM cantilever due to deflection can be measured, but this method is not as sensitive as laser deflection or interferometry.

Atomic force microscope topographical scan of a glass surface. The micro and nano-scale features of the glass can be observed, portraying the roughness of the material. The image space is (x,y,z) = (20um x 20um x 420nm). If the tip was scanned at a constant height, a risk would exist that the tip collides with the surface, causing damage. The feedback mechanism is employed to adjust the tip-to-sample distance to maintain a constant force between the tip and the sample. The sample is mounted on a piezoelectric tube, that can move the sample in the z direction for maintaining a constant force, and the x and y directions for scanning the sample. The tip is mounted on a piezo scanner while the sample is being scanned in X and Y using another piezo block. The resulting map of the area z = f(x,y) represents the topography of the sample.

The AFM can be operated in a number of modes, depending on the application. In general, possible imaging modes are divided into contact modes and a non-contact modes where the cantilever is vibrated.

Our goal is to provide our customers with the best products with highest standard of service at cost efficient pricing.

Angstrom Advanced Atomic Force Microscope and Scanning Force Microscope Software

The Software is available with the following data types of images: AFM Contact Mode: Topography — the rise and fall of the sample surface. Deflection — cantilever flexes because of the rise and fall of sample topography and the amount of this deflection can be reflected by the photodetector’s Up-Down signal. Friction — lateral forces between tip and sample, which causes the torsion of the cantilever and can be reflected by the photodetector’s Left-Right signal. AFM Tapping Mode: Topography — the rise and fall of the sample surface. Amplitude — cantilever oscillating amplitude changes because of the rise and fall of sample topography. Phase — cantilever oscillating phase changes because of the sample material characteristics. Scanning Tunneling Microscope: Topography —the rise and fall of the sample surface. Current — Tunneling current changes between tip and sample surface.

Our goal is to provide our customers with the best products with highest standard of service at cost efficient pricing.

Atomic Force Microscope Modes (Angstrom Advanced)

Angstrom Advanced STM relies on “tunneling current” between the probe and the sample to sense the topography of the sample. The STM probe, a sharp metal tip (in the best case, atomically sharp), is positioned a few atomic diameters above a conducting sample which is electrically biased with respect to the tip. At a distance under 1 nanometer, a tunneling current will flow from sample to tip. In operation, the bias voltages typically range from 10 to 1000 mV while the tunneling currents vary from 0.1 to10 nA. 
The tunneling current changes exponentially with the tip-sample separation, typically decreasing by a factor of two as the separation is increased 0.2 nm. The exponential relationship between the tip separation and the tunneling current makes the tunneling current an excellent parameter for sensing the tip-to-sample separation. In essence, a reproduction of the sample surface is produced by scanning the tip over the sample surface and sensing the tunneling current. 

STM relies on a precise scanning technique to produce very high-resolution, three-dimensional images of sample surfaces. The STM scans the sample surface beneath the tip in a raster pattern while sensing and outputting the tunneling current to the SPM Controller. The digital signal processor (DSP) in the Controller controls the Z position of the Piezo Scanner based on the tunneling current error signal. The STM operates in both “constant height” and “constant current” data modes, depending on the Feedback Gain settings. The DSP always adjusts the height of the tip based on the tunneling current error signal, but if the feedback gains are set extremely low (e.g., Integral Gain < 15 and Proportional Gain < 15), the piezo remains at a nearly constant height while tunneling current data is collected. With the Feedback Gains high (e.g., Integral Gain >15 and Proportional Gain >15), the Scanners Piezo height changes to keep the tunneling current nearly constant, and changes in piezo height are used to construct the image. The exponential relationship between tip-sample separation and tunneling current allows the tip height to be controlled very precisely. Angstrom Advanced AFM systems are available with multi-function setups to cover the broadest range of laboratory and academic applications.

Our goal is to provide our customers with the best products with highest standard of service at cost efficient pricing.

In Tapping Mode, a cantilever is oscillating in free air at its resonant frequency. A piezo stack excites the cantilever’s substrate vertically, causing the tip to bounce up and down. As the cantilever bounces vertically, the reflected laser beam is deflected in a regular pattern over a photodiode array, generating a sinusoidal electronic signal. And this signal is converted to a root mean square (RMS) amplitude value. 

When the same cantilever is oscillating at the sample surface, Although the piezo stack continues to excite the cantilever’s substrate with the same energy, the tip is deflected in its encounter with the surface. The reflected laser beam reveals information about the vertical height of the sample surface.

The feedback system controls the scanner’s Z voltage to maintain the tip-sample force constant, which leads the Up-Down signal equals to the Setpoint. The Z voltage is recorded for calculating the sample topography. Figure 1: No force between tip and sample, no cantilever deflection. Figure 2: Repulsion between tip and sample, cantilever deflects upside. Figure 3: Repulsion between tip and sample, cantilever deflects upside: X: Deflection of cantilever k: Force constant of cantilever F=kx

Angstrom Advanced Inc

Angstrom Advanced Inc. designs, manufactures and supplies variety of scientific instruments and Hydrogen & Nitrogen plants for academic and industrial fields. Angstrom Advanced instruments and plants have been delivered to many renowned organizations. Angstrom Advanced goal is to provide customers with the best products with highest standard of service at cost efficient pricing. Angstrom Advanced now provides several product lines including Spectrophotometer, X-ray Diffractometer, Gas Generator, Atomic Force Microscope/Scanning Probe Microscope, Hydrogen Generating Plant and Nitrogen Generating Plant. Angstrom Advanced corporate headquarters are located  in Massachusetts, USA. Angstrom Advanced have numerous partnerships, representatives in countries around the world.

Angstrom Advanced delivers a reputable and highly efficient world accepted Hydrogen and Nitrogen Generating Plants for refinery, petrochemical and other industrial applications. Angstrom Advanced services for Hydrogen Plant projects typically include conceptual design, detailed engineering, procurement, fabrication, construction, start-up and operational training. The production line of Gas Generators includes Hydrogen Plant, Nitrogen Plant and Air Plant. The combination Plants for both Hydrogen and Nitrogen, and Air and Hydrogen are available. These generators have state of the art technology, stability and functionality for scientific instruments, industry and solar and wind energy. Angstrom Advanced provide a lump-sum, turnkey solution, handling everything from concept to start-up with our own resources whenever possible. k

Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Generating Plant product line include technologies such as:

• Hydrogen Plant by Water Electrolysis
• Hydrogen plant by Natural Gas Steam Reforming
• Hydrogen Plant by Pressure Swing Adsorption with Purifying System
• Hydrogen Plant by Ammonia Decomposition with Purifying System
• Hydrogen Plant by Methanol Decomposition

Angstrom Advanced offers gas and liquid Nitrogen Generating Plants from 0.5 m3/hr to 10000 m3/hr. Angstrom Advanced is on the forefront of technologies for Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and Membrane Separation and providing turn-key nitrogen generation projects to meet different industrial applications. We also offer Nitrogen Purifying System to purify the nitrogen up to 99.9995%. Nitrogen/Oxygen Plant by Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA).

Angstrom Advanced Nitrogen Generating Plant product line include technologies such as:

• Nitrogen Plant by Membrane Separation
• Nitrogen Purifying System
• Liquid Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon Plant by Cryogenic Technology

Angstrom Advanced Atomic Force Microscope / Scanning Probe Microscope include AFM, SPM, STM, LFM, EFM. All of Angstrom Advanced microscope line-up bring state the art technology to meet the most advanced applications and are designed to provide images of atomic scale up to 100 micrometer. With a Digital Signal Processor inside the system, Angstrom Advanced systems can handle complicated multi-functional tasks efficiently. Angstrom Advanced Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM) which has full coverage of Contacting Mode, Tapping Mode, Phase Imaging and Lifting Mode, Lateral Force Microscope (LFM), Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), Conductive AFM, SPM in liquid, Environmental Control SPM, Nano-Processing System including Lithography Mode and Vector Scan Mode.

Angstrom Advanced has been bringing forth the latest advancements in all fields of technology and was founded by a group of engineers that realized the importance to research and development for the better of mankind. Angstrom Advanced location in the heart of high technology schools and Institutes made us a leading developer and manufacturer of Scientific instruments. Angstrom Advanced instruments have been delivered to many renowned universities, research institutes and companies worldwide. Angstrom Advanced goal is to supply the most accurate and sustainable scientific instrument with the highest standard of customer satisfaction.

Our goal is to provide our customers with the best products with highest standard of service at cost efficient pricing.

Learn more by visiting the Angstrom Advanced website at: www.angstrom-advanced.com

Angstrom Advanced Knowledge Base:Scanning Probe Microscope/ Atomic Force Microscope

The sample is placed on the Piezo Electric Scanner and is scanned under a stationary cantilever tip (there are AFM models in which the tip is scanned over a stationary sample). The PES is a very precise component and is able to accurately move the sample through a scan (a back and forth raster pattern) of only a few hundred nanometers. Scanners are made of piezo tubes and are steady held in the SPM base.Voltage applied to piezoelectric scanner tube housed inside moves sample precise increments back and forth. Size at bottom indicates maximum size scan possible,each scanner has its own specified parameters. 

Samples are held in place on the scanner with a removable cap. Piezo scanner can extend and retract 3-dimentionally based on the applied X, Y and Z voltage placed across the individual elements.

Our goal is to provide our customers with the best products with highest standard of service at cost efficient pricing.

Angstrom Advanced Inc.

Angstrom Advanced Inc. is the leading supplier of AFM, SPM, SEM, XRD, XRF instruments and Hydrogen & Nitrogen plants for academic and industrial fields. Angstrom Advanced instruments and plants have been delivered to many renowned organizations. Angstrom Advanced goal is to provide their customers with the best products with highest standard of service at cost efficient pricing. Angstrom Advanced now provides several product lines including Spectrophotometer, X-ray Diffractometer, Gas Generator, Atomic Force Microscope/Scanning Probe Microscope, Hydrogen Generating Plant and Nitrogen Generating Plant. Angstrom Advanced corporate headquarters are located  in Massachusetts, USA. Angstrom Advanced has numerous partnerships, representatives in countries around the world.

Angstrom Advanced delivers a reputable and highly efficient world accepted Hydrogen and Nitrogen Generating Plants for refinery, petrochemical and other industrial applications. Angstrom Advanced services for Angstrom Hydrogen Plant projects typically include conceptual design, detailed engineering, procurement, fabrication, construction, start-up and operational training. Angstrom Advanced production line of Gas Generators includes Hydrogen Plant, Nitrogen Plant and Air Plant. The combination Plants for both Hydrogen and Nitrogen, and Air and Hydrogen are available. Angstrom Advanced generators have state of the art technology, stability and functionality for scientific instruments, industry and solar and wind energy. Angstrom Advanced provide a lump-sum, turnkey solution, handling everything from concept to start-up with Angstrom resources whenever possible.

Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Generating Plant product line include technologies such as:

• Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Plant by Water Electrolysis
• Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Plant by Natural Gas Steam Reforming
• Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Plant by Pressure Swing Adsorption with Purifying System
• Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Plant by Ammonia Decomposition with Purifying System
• Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Plant by Methanol Decomposition

Angstrom Advanced offers gas and liquid Nitrogen Generating Plants from 0.5 m3/hr to 10000 m3/hr. Angstrom Advanced are on the forefront of technologies for Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and Membrane Separation and providing turn-key nitrogen generation projects to meet different industrial applications. Angstrom Advanced also offer Nitrogen Purifying System to purify the nitrogen up to 99.9995%. Nitrogen/Oxygen Plant by Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA).

Angstrom Advanced Nitrogen Generating Plant product line include technologies such as:

• Angstrom Advanced Nitrogen/Oxygen Generating Plant by Membrane Separation
• Angstrom Advanced Nitrogen/Oxygen Generator by Pressure Swing Adsorption
• Angstrom Advanced Liquid Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon Plant by Cryogenic Technology

Angstrom Advanced Atomic Force Microscope and Scanning Probe Microscope include AFM, SPM, STM, LFM, EFM. All of our Microscope line-up bring state the art technology to meet the most advanced applications and are designed to provide images of atomic scale up to 100 micrometer. With a Digital Signal Processor inside the system Angstrom Advanced systems can handle complicated multi-functional tasks efficiently. Angstrom Advanced Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM) which has full coverage of Contacting Mode, Tapping Mode, Phase Imaging and Lifting Mode, Lateral Force Microscope (LFM), Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), Conductive AFM, SPM in liquid, Environmental Control SPM, Nano-Processing System including Lithography Mode and Vector Scan Mode.

Angstrom Advanced has been bringing forth the latest advancements in all fields of technology and was founded by a group of engineers that realized the importance to research and development for the better of mankind. Angstrom Advanced location in the heart of high technology schools and Institutes made Angstrom Advanced a leading developer and manufacturer of Scientific instruments. Angstrom Advanced instruments have been delivered to many renowned universities, research institutes and companies worldwide.  

Our goal is to provide our customers with the best products with highest standard of service at cost efficient pricing.

Angstrom-Advanced

   Angstrom Advanced Inc., designs, manufactures and supplies scientific instruments and Hydrogen & Nitrogen plants for academic and industrial use. Angstrom Advanced instruments and plants have been delivered to many renowned organizations. Angstrom Advanced goal is to provide their customers with the best products with highest standard of service at cost efficient pricing. Angstrom Advanced now provides several product lines including Spectrophotometer, X-ray Diffractometer, Gas Generator, Atomic Force Microscope/Scanning Probe Microscope, Hydrogen Generating Plant and Nitrogen Generating Plant. Angstrom Advanced corporate headquarters are located  in Massachusetts, USA. Angstrom Advanced have numerous partnerships, representatives in countries around the world.

  Angstrom Advanced delivers a reputable and highly efficient world accepted Hydrogen and Nitrogen Generating Plants for refinery, petrochemical and other industrial applications. Angstrom Advanced services for Hydrogen Plant projects typically include conceptual design, detailed engineering, procurement, fabrication, construction, start-up and operational training. The production line of Gas Generators includes Hydrogen Plant, Nitrogen Plant and Air Plant. The combination Plants for both Hydrogen and Nitrogen, and Air and Hydrogen are available. These generators have state of the art technology, stability and functionality for scientific instruments, industry and solar and wind energy. Angstrom Advanced provide a lump-sum, turnkey solution, handling everything from concept to start-up with our own resources whenever possible.

Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Generating Plant product line include technologies such as:

• Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Plant by Water Electrolysis
• Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen plant by Natural Gas Steam Reforming
• Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Plant by Pressure Swing Adsorption with Purifying System
• Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Plant by Ammonia Decomposition with Purifying System
• Angstrom Advanced Hydrogen Plant by Methanol Decomposition

  Angstrom Advanced offers gas and liquid Nitrogen Generating Plants from 0.5 m3/hr to 10000 m3/hr. Angstrom Advanced is on the forefront of technologies for Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and Membrane Separation and providing turn-key nitrogen generation projects to meet different industrial applications. We also offer Nitrogen Purifying System to purify the nitrogen up to 99.9995%. Nitrogen/Oxygen Plant by Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA).

Angstrom Advanced Nitrogen Generating Plant product line include technologies such as:

• Angstrom Advanced Nitrogen Plant by Membrane Separation
• Angstrom Advanced Nitrogen Purifying System
• Angstrom Advanced Liquid Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon Plant by Cryogenic Technology

  Angstrom Advanced Atomic Force Microscope / Scanning Probe Microscope include AFM, SPM, STM, LFM, EFM. All of Angstrom Advanced microscope line-up bring state the art technology to meet the most advanced applications and are designed to provide images of atomic scale up to 100 micrometer. With a Digital Signal Processor inside the system, Angstrom Advanced systems can handle complicated multi-functional tasks efficiently. Angstrom Advanced Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM) which has full coverage of Contacting Mode, Tapping Mode, Phase Imaging and Lifting Mode, Lateral Force Microscope (LFM), Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), Conductive AFM, SPM in liquid, Environmental Control SPM, Nano-Processing System including Lithography Mode and Vector Scan Mode.

  Angstrom Advanced has been bringing forth the latest advancements in all fields of technology and was founded by a group of engineers that realized the importance to research and development for the better of mankind. Angstrom Advanced location in the heart of high technology schools and Institutes made us a leading developer and manufacturer of Scientific instrument s. Angstrom Advanced instruments have been delivered to many renowned universities, research institutes and companies worldwide. Angstrom Advanced goal is to supply the most accurate and sustainable scientific instrument with the highest standard of customer satisfaction.

Learn more about Angstrom Advanced by going to: www.angstrom-advanced.com

Angstrom Advanced AA2000 Atomic Force Microscope

Our goal is to provide our customers with the best products with highest standard of service at cost efficient pricing.

Angstrom Advanced AA5000 Multi-function SPM Systems Introductions Angstrom Advanced AA5000 Scanning Probe Microscope is Angstrom most innovated model. Angstrom Advanced AA5000 features a full coverage of SPM techniques-STM, AFM, LFM Conductive AFM, MFM, EFM, Environmental Control SPM and Nano-Processing... AA5000 is designed to provide images of atomic scale up to 100 micrometer. With a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320C642 inside the system, AA5000 can handle complicated multi-functional tasks efficiently. A real-time operating system of SPM/DNA is embedded in AA5000 SPM system. Features Multi-function: AFM, LFM, STM, Conductive AFM, MFM and EFM; Multi-Mode: Contacting Mode, Tapping Mode, Phase Imaging and Lifting Mode; SPM can be in liquid; Real-time temperature and humidity detecting; Force Analysis: I-V Curve, I-Z Curve, Force Curve and Amplitude Curve; Nano-Processing and manipulating: Lithography Mode and Vector Scan Mode; Fast automatically tip-engaging Simply change of the tip holder to switch between STM and AFM; Full digital control, auto system status recognition; Adjustable lightening inside With a 32-bit Digital Signal Processor (DSP) from Texas Instruments, 4.8 billion times of calculation per second can be achieved; Controller and Computer connected through a 10M/100M Fast Ethernet; Large sample size: up to diameter 45mm, 30mm thick; Online Control Software and offline Image Processing Software for Windows; Trace-Retrace scan, Back-Forward scan; Online real-time 3D image; Automatically Brightness and Contrast refresh; Data can be loaded out for further analysis; Nano-Movie function: Continuous data collection, storage and replay; Multi-Analysis: Granularity and Roughness; Tip Estimation and Image Re-construction; Modularized design for convenience of maintenance and future upgrade; Second display monitor and optical microscope system attachable; Specifications Functions Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) which has full coverage of Contacting Mode, Tapping Mode, Phase Imaging and Lifting Mode; Lateral Force Microscope (LFM); Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM); Conductive AFM, SPM in liquid, Environmental Control SPM; Nano-Processing System including Lithography Mode and Vector Scan Mode; Resolution AFM: 0.26nm lateral, 0.1nm vertical; STM: 0.13nm lateral, 0.01nm vertical; Technical Parameters Current Sensitivity: less than or equal to 10pA; Force Sensitivity:less than or equal to 5pN; Image Pixels: 128X128, 256X256, 512X512, 1024X1024, 2048X2048; Scan Angle: 0-360 degree adjustable; Scan Rate: 0.1-100Hz adjustable; Pre-setting Tunneling Current: 0.001-10nA Bias: -10-+10V; Temperature Sensitivity: 0.1Celsius, Humidity Sensitivity: 0.5%RH; Sample Size: Up to 50mmx50mm, 30mm thick; Engagement: Auto engagement with travel distance of 30mm and precision of 50nm; Online Control Software and offline Image Processing Software for Windows Vista/XP/2000/9x; Electronics CPU: 32-bit Digital Signal Processor (DSP) at 600MHz from Texas Instruments; DAC: 20 channels of 16-bit DAC; ADC: 20 channels of 16-bit ADC; Communication Interface: 10M/100M Fast Ethernet;

Angstrom Advanced OS-AA Opening Multifunction Scanning Probe Microscope

Introductions

Angstrom Advanced OS-AA SPM system is known for its multi-functionality and full openness. OS-AA system is not just a platform for unconventional experiments but also for further developments.

Features

Multi-function: STM, AFM, LFM, MFM, EFM, Contacting Mode, Tapping, Phase Imaging with Full digital control 16bit ADC/DAC High speed communication based on TCP/IP protocol for double-CPU-double-OS and large data-exchange Input/output signal channel preserved for further system extension Standard external open interface for second developments I-V Curve and Force-Curve Nano-Processing Nano-manipulating with Super-Multimedia technology Designed for Windows Vista/XP/NT/2000/9X Hardcode and Dynamic Code both applied to offline software Brightness and contrast auto refreshed Multi-Analysis: Granularity and Roughness

Specifications

Resolution: AFM: 0.26nm lateral, 0.1nm vertical;STM: 0.13nm lateral, 0.01nm vertical Current Sensitivity: ≤10pA Force Sensitivity: ≤ 1nN Positioning Accuracy: ≤ 0.5nm Output channels preserved: 6ch (1ch ± 10V, 16-bit DAC) Input channels preserved: 16ch (100k/16-bit ADC with Low-pass filter and amplifier) DI/DO channels preserved: 8ch DI, 8ch DO

Angstrom Advanced AA8000 Multi-function SEM System Introductions Angstrom Advanced AA8000 SEM is a true multi-purpose, multi-user instrument. It excels in versatility and flexibility by combining high performance in all SEM modes & Particle counter with ease of operation in a multi-user material research environment. This instrument features a perfect balance between stable configuration and an excellent resolution. Angstrom Advanced SEM clearly shows Angstrom’s state-of-art technology. Its rock-solid reliability and fully automated control functions provide customer with the maximum analytical capability. Angstrom Advanced SEM pursues compact SEM design which is great for office environment. Angstrom Advanced SEM provides high scan speed and pixel resolution and high performance control driver with new PCI board. A full set of automated image adjustment functions make it easy for new users to quickly acquire crisp, noise-free images. Even experienced users will benefit from the automated contrast, brightness and focus. Features High Performance Field proven image quality Upgraded scan speed and pixel resolution. Wide variety of optional instrument Resolution : 3.0 nm Magnification : ~1,000,000X Display : Photo 4096X 4096 Search : 640X480 30fps Options : BSE / WDS / EDS / EBSD / Etc. Gun Coumn Gun design for stable current supply Dual field objective lens for spherical Aberration reduction Movable aperture for beam centering Upgraded design of magnetic lens (CL/OL) Chamber & Stage 5 axis eucentric stage Option: Stage motorization EDS,WDS,CCD, Manipulator etc 50X60X57mm Detector ET-bar type SE detector SE & BSE double image mode Option: BSE detector GUI Window based GUI PC controlled operation Image thumbnail & storage Parameter Display Vacuum System Automatic & Manual control Automatic Safety System R.P+D.P/ R.P+TMP Image Analyzer Data transfer to Excel Particle counter for blob analysis Multi-focusing & Tiling 3D data view etc Specifications Z ELECTRON OPTIC SYSTEM Resolution 3.0 nm @30KeV SE/ 4.0nm @BSE  Magnification 10 ~ 1,000,000X Image Color Optical Microscope Image (Option) Beam Scan Mode Search, Inspection, Photo (3step) Accelerating Voltage 0.5kV~30kV Electron Gun Type Tungsten Filament Bias System Linked with Acc. Voltage plus continuous voltage control Gun Alignment Pre-centered cartridge Condenser Lens Electromagnetic 2 stages Objective Lens Electromagnetic 1 stages Stigmator 8 Pole Electromagnetic Type Detector Bar Type SE Detector (SE-BSE Conversion Mode Without BSE detector for Non-coating sample inspection) Image Shift 4 Pole Electromagnetic Type Automation Function Auto-Focus, Auto-Stigmatism, Auto Contrast/Brightness, Emission Current etc. DISPLAY Frame Memory &Scan Search (640X480) >30 frame/s Inspection (1280X960)  30 frame/s Photo(4096X4096)  2 frame/s IMAGE ANALYZER Image Analyzer Particle Counter Multi-Focusing/ Image Tiling/ 3D-View/Enhancement/ Color Transformation/Filters/ Blob Analysis (Single/Multiple/Grouping), Histogram, Excel Data, Point Measurement STAGE SYSTEM Movement (X/Y/Z) mm 50/ 60/ 57mm Tilt -30~60° (Max 90 °) Rotation 360° Stage Motorization X,Y,R (Standard) X,Y,Z,Tilt,Rotation (Option) VACUUM SYSTEM Vacuum Control Type Full automation with safety system Vacuum System Rotary Pump + Diffusion Pump or Rotary Pump + Turbo Pump (Option) CONTROL SYSTEM Computer System Intel Pentium 4(Dual Co-Processor) Memory ≥ 256MB, Control Data Interface Operation System Image Acquisition

Angstrom Advanced ADX-2500 X-ray Diffraction Instrument
Introduction
Angstrom Advanced ADX-2500 X-ray Diffraction Instrument is designed for application in the microstructure measurement, testing and in-depth research investigations. With different accessories and the corresponding control and calculating software, Angstrom Advanced ADX-2500 is a diffraction system according to the practical requirements in many fields. Angstrom Advanced ADX-2500 X-ray Diffraction Instrument provides the structure analysis of single crystal, polycrystalline and amorphous sample. Angstrom Advanced ADX-2500 is capable of the following: phase qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis (RIR, Internal standard calibration, External standard calibration, Additive criterion), pattern indexing, unit cell determination and refinement, crystallite size and strain determination, profile fitting and structure refinement, residual stress determination, texture analysis (ODF expresses three-dimensional pole figure), crystallinity estimate from peak areas, thin film analysis and others.
Features
Perfect incorporation of the hardware and software, allows ADX-2500 to perform different types of analysis for researchers from various fields; High precision of the diffraction angle measurement allows ADX-2500 to obtain the more accurate data; Higher stability of the X-ray generator control system provides excellent measurement accuracy; Simple and effective design makes ADX-2500 convenient for operation and user friendly.
Software
General diffraction data processing: automatic peak search, manual peak search, integral intensity, separation of Kα1, α2, background remove, pattern smoothing and magnifying, multiple plot, three-dimensional plot and simulation of XRD pattern. Profile fitting and overlapped peeks separation With the help of Pseudo-Voigt or Pearson-VII function, the overlapped peeks could be separated to determine the parameters of the peaks and calculate the crystallinity, crystallite size and strain. Qualitative Analysis The data processing software has the search and match function on the base of whole profile and diffraction angle. The profile matching procedure employs the designed mode to do the qualitative analysis by reducing the search range from major, minor, to micro phase without indicating the diffraction angle. The diffraction angle matching procedure is based on the peaks position and intensity and usually used for the qualitative analysis of the data with large angle error. Quantitative Analysis After the phase composition is determined, the content of each phase could be calculated with the help of RIR or/and the Rietveld refinement (Quantitative Analysis without criterion). Plot and Export The data processing software is operated with Windows interface. The preparing exported pattern could be labeled, zoomed in, zoomed out and also copied and pasted.
Parts and Specifications
X-ray Generator Control mode 1kV/step, 1mA/step controlled by PC Rated output power 3 kW Tube voltage 10-60 kV Tube current 5-80 mA X-ray tube Cu, Fe, Co, Cr, Mo et al (2 kW) Focus dimension: 1×10 mm2 or 0.4×10 mm2 Stability ≤ 0.01% Goniometer Goniometer vertical frame Diffraction circle semi-diameter 185mm Scan range of 2θ -15°-164° Continuous scanning rate 0.06°-76.2°/min Setting speed of angle 120°/min Scan mode θ-2θ linkage, θ,2θ one way: continuous or step scanning One way repeatability of 2θ ≤ 0.001° Minimal stepping angle 0.001° Precision of 2θ ≤ 0.005° Record Unit Counter PC or SC Maximal CPS 5×106 CPS Proportion counter energy spectrum resolution ≤ 25%(PC), ≤ 55%(SC) Detectable high voltage 1500-2100 V continuous tune High voltage of the counter differential or integral, automatic PHA, dead time emendation System detector stability ≤ 0.01% Integrated performance Dispersion dosage ≤ 1μSv/h Integrated stability of the system ≤ 0.5% Dimension 1000 × 800 × 1640 mm

Angstrom Advanced AXFQ series portable directional X-ray flaw detector (with glass x-ray tube)

Introduction

Angstrom Advanced AXFQ series flaw detectors are ideal for non destructive testing (NDT) of thin iron plate, aluminum material, rubber and so on.The glass x-ray tube allows to get images of excellent quality and clarity.

Types and Specifications

Type Output Voltage (kv) Input Power (kw) Focal Spot Size (mm2) Divergent Angle Max. Penetrate Depth in Steel (mm) Generator Weight (kg) Generator Size (mm3) AXFQ-1005 50~100 1.2 0.8 × 0.8 40° 8 11.1 190 × 190 × 520 AXFQ-1605 60~160 1.5 0.8 × 0.8 40° 19 15.2 225 × 225 × 585 AXFQ-2005 100~200 2.0 1.5 × 1.5 40 ± 5° 30 23 285 × 285 × 665 AXFQ-2505 150~250 2.5 2.0 × 2.3 40 ± 5° 40 35 320 × 320 × 730 AXFQ-3005 170~300 3.0 2.3 × 2.3 40 ± 5° 50 45.5 345 × 345 × 830 AXFQ-3205 180~320 3.2 2.5 × 2.3 40 ± 5° 55 45.5 345 × 345 × 830 AXFQ-3505 180~350 3.4 2.8 × 3.0 40 ± 5° 60 47 345 × 345 × 800

Angstrom Advanced AXFH series portable panoramic X-ray flaw detector (with glass x-ray tube)

Introduction

Angstrom Advanced AXFH series portable circumferential glass tube X-ray flaw detector is designed to facilitate non destructive testing (NDT) of welding seam of pipes and tubes with small diameters. With the optional propelling wheels or pipe crawler installed, the X-ray generator can be easily positioned in any pipe. The NDT of circumferential welding can be accomplished in one exposure.

Types and Specifications

Type Output Voltage (kv) Input Power (kw) Focal Spot Size (mm2) Divergent Angle Max. Penetrate Depth in Steel (mm) Generator Weight (kg) Generator Size (mm3) cone target planar target cone target planar target AXFH-1005 50~100 1.2 0.8 × 0.8 30±5° 25±5° 4 6 11.1 190 × 190 × 520 AXFH-1605 60~160 1.5 0.8 × 0.8 30±5° 25±5° 12 15 15.2 225 × 225 × 585 AXFH-2005 100~200 2.0 1.5 × 1.5 30±5° 25±5° 24 27 23 285 × 285 × 665 AXFH-2505 150~250 2.5 2.0 × 2.3 30±5° 25±5° 34 37 35 320 × 320 × 730 AXFH-3005 170~300 3.0 2.3 × 2.3 30±5° 25±5° 44 47 45.5 345 × 345 × 830 AXFH-3205 180~320 3.2 2.5 × 2.3 30±5° 25±5° 45 50 45.5 345 × 345 × 830 AXFH-3505 180~350 3.4 2.8 × 3.0 30±5° 25±5° 52 55 47 345 × 345 × 800

2013 International Biomass Conference

April 9th 2013 Minneapolis,MN, United States

Angstrom Advanced Inc. was invited to Minneapolis, MN to speak about the future of using Hydrogen (Steam Reforming and PSA technology) to improve Biomass development and economy, at the 2013 International Biomass Conference and Expo.

"Today we focus on hydrogen-from-biomass. As a renewable energy source, biomass can either be used directly, or indirectly—once or converted into another type of energy product such as bio-fuel.

By processing biomass through various routes, we can get lots of products such as bio oil, biogas, biodiesel, ethanol… but it’s better to transform them further to hydrogen through reforming reaction while collecting the carbon dioxide meanwhile.

The most important reason we adopt hydrogen as final energy carrier instead of other forms is the inherit properties of hydrogen: 1) clean, 2) inexhaustible, 3) high energy density.“ More articles will be released about using Hydrogen in Biomass projects. Please pay attention to our press releases.

The Path to Hydrogen: 

Producing clean, storable fuel from biomass.

April 5th 2013 Boston, United States

North America Clean Energy, the leading magazine and internet media in Renewable Energy sector published again an article from us about our innovative collaboration of Hydrogen and Biomass technology. "A new application of hydrogen is being deployed which is helping solve humanity’s ever-evolving energy woes. Traditionally, hydrogen has a large number of applications – used in everything from industrial products to food packaging. Ammonia used in fertilizer and industrial processes amounted to 160 Million tons worldwide in 2011; hydrogen is a primary component in ammonia. The market demand for new, less expensive sources of hydrogen is driven heavily by fertilizer and manufacturing, however, a new market demand is emerging for hydrogen in another sector – energy. Power plants in Germany as well as Canada (using wind and natural gas, respectively) are today supplementing their primary electrical generators with advanced configurations of hydrogen technologies. These retrofits help the plants save money by smoothing supply, converting excess electricity generated into storable hydrogen gas which can be returned to electricity using a turbine generator or a fuel cell. " (The drawing is referred to a famous biomass manufacturer, Nexterra)

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Distributed Energy Article about Angstrom Advanced Inc

Feb 25th 2013 Boston, United States

The leading clean energy magazine "Distributed Energy" has recently published an article about the cutting-edge technology Angstrom Advanced has developed to specially serve the Distributed Renewable Energy market: "Hydrogen is a very valuable alternative to fossil fuel for distributed energy generation, delivering a high-powered solution with minimal environmental and safety concerns. Green businesses, telecomm providers, governments, and renewable energy advocates can now produce on-demand energy for their assets, at minimal cost and using commercially available equipment. This article will look at the benefits associated with hydrogen and fuel cell energy systems compared to fossil fuel and chemical alternatives as well as the inherent costs associated with a fuel cell on-demand generator. This analysis will show that it is not only technically feasible to use hydrogen for on-demand energy in certain, but also that it can be more economic than the alternatives. Diesel generators are valuable when used only for applications that have short run times (less than eight hours per day) and where they are in proximity to a low-cost fuel source. For longer run times, and when used in more remote and extreme conditions, renewable hydrogen generators are an ideal solution for providing on-demand energy...

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Gas World Article about Angstrom Advanced Inc

Feb 25th 2013 Boston, United States

The leading Magazine in Biomass field, Gas World, published an article about the Hydrogen Reformer technology of Angstrom Advanced Inc. This is another recognition of Angstrom’s cutting edge technical innovation and its fast expanding fame in the industry: “Here and now gasification plants have the functionality to make the hydrogen economy a real possibility. Greatly reducing the cost of hydrogen production by using renewable resources and advanced, reliable processing techniques enables a gasification plant to produce valuable hydrogen product from waste materials. While the technology is available to enable this functionality, however, most plants opt to simply create SynGas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.) However, as market demand for hydrogen increases in parallel with the stationary and transportation fuel cell industry, gasification facilities will likely be the top producer of renewable hydrogen fuel – mostly due to the low cost of production and the scalability of plants. This paper will discuss minor changes to gasification plants that plant operators can implement which will maximize the value of their assets, and enable them to easily create a product with higher purity and productivity.

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Angstrom is now providing Hydrogen Fueling Stations

Boston, United States

Angstrom now has the capability to provide the 50Kg/hour production capacity Hydrogen Fueling Stations, after collaborating with leading research organizations and national laboratories in the United States for years. This technology has made the Hydrogen Fueling Station ready for commercial operation around the world, and we are only waiting for the auto makers, such as Toyota, Honda, Daimler, Nissan, Audi and GM to release Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles in the next a few years.

Not only can Angstrom supply commercial scale Hydrogen Fueling Station, but we also integrated with residential scale hydrogen fueling machine, which allows every family to enjoy using 100% clean energy for their gas, heating and electricity need at home.